The Canal & River Trust has published the results of its first-ever boater census of the 35,000 boats licensed on the charity’s 2,000 miles of waterways in England and Wales. The census is intended to offer a snapshot of life on the waterways in the 21st century, 250 years after the network opened to navigation.

The trust says that the census data will help inform its work and that of others, such as health service providers and local authorities, to make sure boaters are considered, and their needs are met through decision-making, policy and services.

Since 1 April 2023, boaters have been hit with a rise of nine per cent in licence fees. When combined with the interim increase introduced from 1 October 2022, this will mean an overall year-on-year increase of 13 per cent for those renewing an annual boat licence in the period from 1 April until 30 September 2023.

Almost 11,500 boaters, around a third of current boat licence holders, responded to the census. The split between boaters with and without a home mooring, at 76 per cent and 24 per cent respectively, is broadly representative of the make-up of boats on the trust’s network.

three canal boats taking part in a boating parade in Birmingham

The typical boat on the Canal & River Trust‘s waterways is a steel narrowboat with fixed beds for two people, and pull-out beds for two people or more. While most use gas for cooking (89.8 per cent) and a solid fuel stove (66.8 per cent), over half the respondents have invested in solar panels (59.3 per cent). Cassette toilets (57.5 per cent) are the most popular, followed by pump-out (33.8 per cent), with a minority choosing composting loos (8.8 per cent). 31.9 per cent of respondents have experienced mechanical problems with their boat in the past 12 months.

The census asked boaters about the challenges they faced due to living on a boat. Accessing important services is a theme, with respondents having issues accessing health services (31.7 per cent), financial services (16.3 per cent), and financial help such as benefits (11.7 per cent). Additionally, 21.7 per cent report challenges around education and work.

Many boaters report that their day-to-day activities are limited because of a long-term health problem or disability. The 2021 census of England and Wales indicates that 17.8 per cent of the population are disabled people. The boater census suggests that proportion is somewhat higher among the boating population, with 14.7 per cent or respondents saying they are limited a little and 6.3 per cent saying they are limited a lot. Most respondents receive a pension or pension credit (70 per cent), and smaller numbers receive a range of other types of benefits or support.

Pets are popular on boats, with 47 per cent of respondents saying there is an animal on board. Dogs are the number one choice, with 75 per cent of that number specifying a canine companion(s) compared to 29.6 per cent owning cats and 4.4 per cent naming another animal. In contrast, just 5 per cent of respondents say there is a child under 16 living aboard.

Canal boat dog

Matthew Symonds, national boating manager at the Canal & River Trust, says: “Thank you to every boater who responded to the census, the data you have provided is extremely valuable. There are more boats on our waterways than at any time in their history and it is more important than ever that we, and other agencies, understand the needs of the boating community.

“Boats have been integral to canals since they were first dug 250 years ago. Once busy freight routes, used by working boats and the working families that lived on them out of necessity, canals are now popular spaces for leisure boating and recreation, with some people living aboard, either through choice or out of financial hardship or other vulnerabilities.

“From the conversations we have on the towpath, we know that some boaters face specific challenges, for example around employment, accessing financial services and support, registering with health services such as doctors’ surgeries, or boating with a disability. The boater census has provided us with the data we need to illustrate the work we do to other organisations who may not be familiar with the practicalities of life afloat and will add strength to our arguments that boaters need targeted support.”

The boater census was designed with input from boater representatives on the Trust’s Council to help understand the different needs of those who live on or who use their boats for leisure. The anonymous online survey was open for ten weeks and boaters took part by completing a questionnaire online or over the telephone. Invitations to take part were sent to current licence-holders by email, text message or post, and they were asked to complete one survey per boat. Roving traders were included but other business boat licence holders were not.

canal and river trust

Although the response rate to the census was relatively high, the Trust is highlighting that some questions were optional, and some boaters may have preferred not to answer some of the more personal questions. For example, the question about the relationships between the people living on a boat had a low response rate and received far more responses from couples and families compared to single boat dwellers – 89.3 per cent, 8.2 per cent and 0.3 per cent respectively.

Boaters were asked about the issues and challenges they have experienced due to living on a boat. The results include a large amount of qualitative data, which will be analysed section by section and published in a separate report in summer 2023.

The full boater census can be read online at the Canal and River Trust website.

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